Development of a space cold atom clock     

Wei Ren  Tang Li  Qiuzhi Qu  Bin Wang  Lin Li  Desheng Lü  Weibiao Chen  Liang Liu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(12):1828

Atomic clocks with cold atoms play important roles in the field of fundamental physics as well as primary frequency standards. Operating such cold atom clocks in space paves the way for further exploration in fundamental physics, for example dark matter and general relativity. We developed a space cold atom clock (SCAC), which was launched into orbit with the Space Lab TG-2 in 2016. Before it deorbited with TG-2 in 2019, the SCAC had been working continuously for almost 3 years. During the period in orbit, many scientific experiments and engineering tests were performed. In this article, we summarize the principle, development and in-orbit results. These works provide the basis for construction of a space-borne time-frequency system in deep space.  相似文献   

Equatorial aurora: the aurora-like airglow in the negative magnetic anomaly     

Fei He  Yong Wei  Weixing Wan 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(10):1606

The most fantastic optical phenomena in the Earth''s upper atmosphere are the auroras. They are highly informative indicators of solar activity, geomagnetic activity, upper atmospheric structures and dynamics, and magnetospheric energetic particles. An area where the geomagnetic field differs significantly from the expected symmetric dipole, such as at the South Atlantic Anomaly, where the magnetic field intensity is low, gives rise to stronger precipitation of energetic particles into the upper atmosphere. Impact excitation and the subsequent airglow emissions exhibit aurora-like dynamic signatures. Nomenclatures of nonpolar aurora or equatorial auroras are similar to those used with the polar auroras owing to their similar excitation mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the knowledge and the challenges concerning auroral activity at the South Atlantic Anomaly, or more generally, at the negative magnetic anomaly. We emphasize systematic investigation of the equatorial auroras to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution of the magnetic anomaly and the behaviour of energetic particles in near-Earth space.  相似文献   

Predicting future dynamics from short-term time series using an Anticipated Learning Machine     

Chuan Chen  Rui Li  Lin Shu  Zhiyu He  Jining Wang  Chengming Zhang  Huanfei Ma  Kazuyuki Aihara  Luonan Chen 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(6):1079

Predicting time series has significant practical applications over different disciplines. Here, we propose an Anticipated Learning Machine (ALM) to achieve precise future-state predictions based on short-term but high-dimensional data. From non-linear dynamical systems theory, we show that ALM can transform recent correlation/spatial information of high-dimensional variables into future dynamical/temporal information of any target variable, thereby overcoming the small-sample problem and achieving multistep-ahead predictions. Since the training samples generated from high-dimensional data also include information of the unknown future values of the target variable, it is called anticipated learning. Extensive experiments on real-world data demonstrate significantly superior performances of ALM over all of the existing 12 methods. In contrast to traditional statistics-based machine learning, ALM is based on non-linear dynamics, thus opening a new way for dynamics-based machine learning.  相似文献   

Olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA-impact melt pool     

Honglei Lin  Zhiping He  Wei Yang  Yangting Lin  Rui Xu  Chi Zhang  Meng-Hua Zhu  Rui Chang  Jinhai Zhang  Chunlai Li  Hongyu Lin  Yang Liu  Sheng Gou  Yong Wei  Sen Hu  Changbin Xue  Jianfeng Yang  Jie Zhong  Xiaohui Fu  Weixing Wan  Yongliao Zou 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(5):913

Chang’E-4 landed in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, providing a unique chance to probe the composition of the lunar interior. Its landing site is located on ejecta strips in Von Kármán crater that possibly originate from the neighboring Finsen crater. A surface rock and the lunar regolith at 10 sites along the rover Yutu-2 track were measured by the onboard Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the first three lunar days of mission operations. In situ spectra of the regolith have peak band positions at 1 and 2 μm, similar to the spectral data of Finsen ejecta from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, which confirms that the regolith''s composition of the landing area is mostly similar to that of Finsen ejecta. The rock spectrum shows similar band peak positions, but stronger absorptions, suggesting relatively fresh exposure. The rock may consist of 38.1 ± 5.4% low-Ca pyroxene, 13.9 ± 5.1% olivine and 48.0 ± 3.1% plagioclase, referred to as olivine-norite. The plagioclase-abundant and olivine-poor modal composition of the rock is inconsistent with the origin of the mantle, but representative of the lunar lower crust. Alternatively, the rock crystallized from the impact-derived melt pool formed by the SPA-impact event via mixing the lunar crust and mantle materials. This scenario is consistent with fast-cooling thermal conditions of a shallow melt pool, indicated by the fine to medium-sized texture (<3 mm) of the rock and the SPA-impact melting model [Icarus 2012; 220: 730–43].  相似文献   

The essential mass transfer step in hierarchical/nano zeolite: surface diffusion     

Jian Zhou  Wei Fan  Yangdong Wang  Zaiku Xie 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(11):1630

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知識産權基本法要慎行     

韋之  王一璠 《中国专利与商标》2020,(2):100-104

近來,有業内人士建議儘快制定知識産權的基本法,對知識産權的共性問題進行規制。"知識産權基本法"並不是一個新概念,在十幾年前就有學者提出。2018年在《國家知識産權戰略綱要》實施10週年評估工作中,有關部門啓動了知識産權基本法的研究起草工作,據稱目前已形成專家建議稿。我們認爲,在推動制定知識産權基本法之前,以下兩個問題尚需慎重對待。  相似文献   

轴控制器在大型流动演出中的应用--以庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年文艺晚会为例     

侯鹏强  唐伟  向飞 《演艺科技》2020,(1):1-4,23

介绍轴控制器在庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年文艺晚会中的应用,对应用中的关键技术和难点进行分析和说明。  相似文献   

Diagnosis of CO2 dynamics and fluxes in global coastal oceans     

Zhimian Cao  Wei Yang  Yangyang Zhao  Xianghui Guo  Zhiqiang Yin  Chuanjun Du  Huade Zhao  Minhan Dai 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(4):786

Global coastal oceans as a whole represent an important carbon sink but, due to high spatial–temporal variability, a mechanistic conceptualization of the coastal carbon cycle is still under development, hindering the modelling and inclusion of coastal carbon in Earth System Models. Although temperature is considered an important control of sea surface pCO₂, we show that the latitudinal distribution of global coastal surface pCO₂ does not match that of temperature, and its inter-seasonal changes are substantially regulated by non-thermal factors such as water mass mixing and net primary production. These processes operate in both ocean-dominated and river-dominated margins, with carbon and nutrients sourced from the open ocean and land, respectively. These can be conceptualized by a semi-analytical framework that assesses the consumption of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to nutrients, to determine how a coastal system is a CO₂ source or sink. The framework also finds utility in accounting for additional nutrients in organic forms and testing hypotheses such as using Redfield stoichiometry, and is therefore an essential step toward comprehensively understanding and modelling the role of the coastal ocean in the global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

Superconductivity in chromium nitrides Pr3Cr10-xN11 with strong electron correlations     

Wei Wu  Kai Liu  Yanjie Li  Zhenhai Yu  Desheng Wu  Yuting Shao  Shihang Na  Gang Li  Ruizhen Huang  Tao Xiang  Jianlin Luo 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):21

Exploration of superconductivity in Cr-based compounds has attracted considerable interest because only a few Cr-based superconductors (CrAs, A₂Cr₃As₃ and ACr₃As₃ (A = K, Rb, Cs, Na)) have been discovered so far and they show an unconventional pairing mechanism. We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity at 5.25 K in chromium nitride in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ with a cubic lattice structure. A relatively large upper critical field of H_c2(0) ∼ 12.6 T is determined, which is larger than the estimated Pauli-paramagnetic pair-breaking magnetic field. The material has a large electronic specific-heat coefficient of 170 mJ K⁻² mol⁻¹—about 10 times larger than that estimated by the electronic structure calculation, which suggests that correlations between 3d electrons are very strong in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁, and thus quantum fluctuations might be involved. Electronic structure calculations show that the density of states at the Fermi energy are contributed predominantly by Cr 3d electrons, implying that the superconductivity results mainly from the condensation of Cr 3d electrons. Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ represents a rare example of possible unconventional superconductivity emerging in a 3D system with strong electron correlations. Nevertheless, clarification of the specific pairing symmetry needs more investigation.  相似文献   

An overview of the use of plastic-film mulching in China to increase crop yield and water-use efficiency     

Dongbao Sun  Haigang Li  Enli Wang  Wenqing He  Weiping Hao  Changrong Yan  Yuzhong Li  Xurong Mei  Yanqing Zhang  Zhanxiang Sun  Zhikuan Jia  Huaiping Zhou  Tinglu Fan  Xucheng Zhang  Qin Liu  Fengju Wang  Chaochun Zhang  Jianbo Shen  Qingsuo Wang  Fusuo Zhang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(10):1523

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